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   生產和生活最常見的(de)(de)鉛蓄電(dian)(dian)池，可(ke)將電(dian)(dian)能通過化(hua)(hua)學反應儲藏起來，到另一個場(chang)合或另一時(shi)段使用(yong)。鉛蓄電(dian)(dian)池雖(sui)(sui)然造價較(jiao)低，但(dan)也有相應的(de)(de)弱點，諸如能量轉(zhuan)換效率較(jiao)低、電(dian)(dian)池反復充放電(dian)(dian)易(yi)老化(hua)(hua)導致使用(yong)壽命(ming)短、比(bi)(bi)能量（Wh/kg）和比(bi)(bi)功率（W/kg）小使設備笨重、充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間長(chang)等；現在(zai)(zai)我們在(zai)(zai)手機上使用(yong)的(de)(de)鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池，雖(sui)(sui)然也有許(xu)多優點，但(dan)它價格昂貴且儲藏電(dian)(dian)能有限，不能在(zai)(zai)大功率場(chang)合下使用(yong)；所以正在(zai)(zai)開發研制的(de)(de)超級電(dian)(dian)容電(dian)(dian)池，相比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)而言，就有著一般電(dian)(dian)池無可(ke)比(bi)(bi)擬(ni)的(de)(de)優點，它的(de)(de)前(qian)景不可(ke)限量。

    結構

    超(chao)(chao)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)容(rong)(rong)量比通常(chang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器大得(de)多。由于(yu)其(qi)(qi)容(rong)(rong)量很大，對外表現和電(dian)(dian)(dian)池相(xiang)同，因此(ci)也稱作“電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池”或說(shuo)“黃金電(dian)(dian)(dian)池”。超(chao)(chao)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)池也屬于(yu)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器,它是(shi)目前世界上已投入量產(chan)的(de)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器中容(rong)(rong)量最大的(de)一種,其(qi)(qi)基本原理和其(qi)(qi)它種類(lei)的(de)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器一樣,都(dou)是(shi)利用活性炭多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)極和電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質組成的(de)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)結構(gou)獲得(de)超(chao)(chao)大的(de)容(rong)(rong)量。

    傳統物理電(dian)容(rong)(rong)中儲存(cun)的(de)電(dian)能來(lai)源(yuan)于電(dian)荷在兩塊極板上(shang)的(de)分(fen)離(li),兩塊極板之間(jian)為(wei)(wei)真空(kong)(相對介電(dian)常(chang)數為(wei)(wei)1)或一層介電(dian)物質(相對介電(dian)常(chang)數為(wei)(wei)ε)所隔離(li),電(dian)容(rong)(rong)值為(wei)(wei):C = ε·A / 3.6 πd ·10-6 (μF) 其(qi)(qi)中A為(wei)(wei)極板面(mian)積(ji),d為(wei)(wei)介質厚度。所儲存(cun)的(de)能量(liang)為(wei)(wei): E = C (ΔV)2/2，其(qi)(qi)中C為(wei)(wei)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)值,ΔV為(wei)(wei)極板間(jian)的(de)電(dian)壓降.可(ke)見,若想獲(huo)得較大(da)的(de)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)量(liang),儲存(cun)更(geng)多的(de)能量(liang),必須(xu)增(zeng)大(da)面(mian)積(ji)A或減少介質厚度d，但這(zhe)個伸縮空(kong)間(jian)有限，導(dao)致它的(de)儲電(dian)量(liang)和儲能量(liang)較小。

    工作原理

    雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器中,采用(yong)活性炭材(cai)料(liao)制作(zuo)(zuo)成多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji),同時在相對的(de)(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)之(zhi)間(jian)充(chong)填電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)溶液(ye),當在兩(liang)端施加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時,相對的(de)(de)(de)(de)多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上分(fen)別聚集(ji)正負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi),而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)溶液(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)正負離子(zi)將由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)分(fen)別聚集(ji)到(dao)與正負極(ji)板相對的(de)(de)(de)(de)界(jie)面(mian)上,從而(er)形成兩(liang)個集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層,相當于(yu)兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器串(chuan)聯,由(you)于(yu)活性碳(tan)材(cai)料(liao)具(ju)(ju)有≥1200m2/g的(de)(de)(de)(de)超高比(bi)(bi)表面(mian)積(即獲(huo)得(de)了極(ji)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)面(mian)積A),而(er)且(qie)(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)與多孔電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)界(jie)面(mian)距離不到(dao)1nm(即獲(huo)得(de)了極(ji)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)介質(zhi)厚度d),根據前面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)計算公(gong)式可(ke)以(yi)看出(chu),這種雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器比(bi)(bi)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)值要大很多,比(bi)(bi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)可(ke)以(yi)提高100倍以(yi)上, 從而(er)使單位重量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)可(ke)達100F/g，并且(qie)(qie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內阻還(huan)能保持在很低的(de)(de)(de)(de)水平(ping)，碳(tan)材(cai)料(liao)還(huan)具(ju)(ju)有成本低，技術成熟等優點。從而(er)使利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器進行大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)儲能成為可(ke)能，且(qie)(qie)在實(shi)際使用(yong)時，可(ke)以(yi)通過串(chuan)聯或者(zhe)并聯以(yi)提高輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。