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   生產(chan)和生活最常見(jian)的(de)(de)鉛(qian)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，可將電(dian)(dian)(dian)能通過(guo)化(hua)學反(fan)應儲藏起(qi)來，到另(ling)一個(ge)場合或另(ling)一時(shi)段使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。鉛(qian)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)雖(sui)然(ran)造價(jia)較(jiao)(jiao)低，但(dan)也有相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)弱點(dian)，諸(zhu)如能量轉換效率較(jiao)(jiao)低、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)反(fan)復充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)易老化(hua)導致使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)短(duan)、比能量（Wh/kg）和比功率（W/kg）小使(shi)(shi)設備笨重(zhong)、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間長等；現在(zai)我們在(zai)手機上(shang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，雖(sui)然(ran)也有許多優點(dian)，但(dan)它(ta)價(jia)格昂貴且儲藏電(dian)(dian)(dian)能有限(xian)(xian)，不能在(zai)大功率場合下使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)；所以正在(zai)開發(fa)研(yan)制(zhi)的(de)(de)超(chao)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，相(xiang)(xiang)比較(jiao)(jiao)而言，就有著一般電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)無(wu)可比擬的(de)(de)優點(dian)，它(ta)的(de)(de)前(qian)景不可限(xian)(xian)量。

    結構

    超級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的容(rong)(rong)量(liang)比通常的電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器大得(de)多。由于其容(rong)(rong)量(liang)很(hen)大，對外表現和電(dian)(dian)池(chi)相同，因此也稱作“電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)”或說(shuo)“黃金電(dian)(dian)池(chi)”。超級電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器電(dian)(dian)池(chi)也屬于雙電(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器,它(ta)是目前世(shi)界上已投(tou)入量(liang)產的雙電(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器中容(rong)(rong)量(liang)最大的一(yi)種,其基本原理和其它(ta)種類的雙電(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器一(yi)樣,都是利(li)用活性炭多孔電(dian)(dian)極和電(dian)(dian)解質組成的雙電(dian)(dian)層結構獲得(de)超大的容(rong)(rong)量(liang)。

    傳統物理電(dian)容中(zhong)儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)能來源于電(dian)荷在(zai)兩(liang)塊極(ji)板(ban)上的(de)(de)(de)分離,兩(liang)塊極(ji)板(ban)之間為(wei)真空(相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)介(jie)電(dian)常數為(wei)1)或一層(ceng)介(jie)電(dian)物質(zhi)(相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)介(jie)電(dian)常數為(wei)ε)所隔離,電(dian)容值為(wei):C = ε·A / 3.6 πd ·10-6 (μF) 其中(zhong)A為(wei)極(ji)板(ban)面(mian)(mian)積,d為(wei)介(jie)質(zhi)厚度。所儲(chu)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)為(wei): E = C (ΔV)2/2，其中(zhong)C為(wei)電(dian)容值,ΔV為(wei)極(ji)板(ban)間的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)壓降.可見(jian),若想(xiang)獲得較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)容量(liang),儲(chu)存(cun)更多的(de)(de)(de)能量(liang),必須增大面(mian)(mian)積A或減少介(jie)質(zhi)厚度d，但這(zhe)個伸縮空間有限(xian)，導致它的(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)電(dian)量(liang)和儲(chu)能量(liang)較(jiao)小。

    工作(zuo)原理(li)

    雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)中(zhong),采用(yong)活性炭(tan)材(cai)料(liao)制作成(cheng)多(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji),同時在相對(dui)的(de)(de)碳多(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)之(zhi)間(jian)充填電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)溶液(ye),當在兩端施(shi)加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時,相對(dui)的(de)(de)多(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)聚集(ji)正(zheng)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi),而(er)(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)溶液(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)正(zheng)負(fu)離子(zi)將由(you)(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場作用(yong)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)聚集(ji)到與(yu)(yu)正(zheng)負(fu)極(ji)板相對(dui)的(de)(de)界面(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang),從而(er)(er)形成(cheng)兩個集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層,相當于兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)串聯(lian),由(you)(you)于活性碳材(cai)料(liao)具(ju)有≥1200m2/g的(de)(de)超高比(bi)(bi)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(即(ji)獲得(de)了極(ji)大的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積A),而(er)(er)且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)與(yu)(yu)多(duo)孔(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)間(jian)的(de)(de)界面(mian)(mian)(mian)距離不(bu)到1nm(即(ji)獲得(de)了極(ji)小的(de)(de)介質(zhi)厚度d),根據前面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)計(ji)算公式可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)看出(chu),這種雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)比(bi)(bi)傳統的(de)(de)物理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)值要大很(hen)(hen)多(duo),比(bi)(bi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)提高100倍以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang), 從而(er)(er)使單位(wei)重量的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量可(ke)(ke)達100F/g，并且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)內阻還(huan)能(neng)保持在很(hen)(hen)低(di)(di)的(de)(de)水平，碳材(cai)料(liao)還(huan)具(ju)有成(cheng)本低(di)(di)，技術成(cheng)熟等(deng)優點(dian)。從而(er)(er)使利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)進(jin)行大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)(de)儲能(neng)成(cheng)為可(ke)(ke)能(neng)，且在實際使用(yong)時，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)通(tong)過(guo)串聯(lian)或(huo)(huo)者并聯(lian)以(yi)(yi)提高輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。